State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

First Law: 

Faraday’s first law of electromagnetic induction states that an electromotive force (EMF) is produced in a closed circuit whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux passing through the area it encloses. This change in flux can occur by moving a magnet relative to the circuit or by varying the magnetic field. As long as the flux keeps changing, an EMF will be generated, causing current to flow in the circuit.

Second Law: 

Faraday’s second law specifies that the magnitude of the induced EMF is directly proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux through the circuit changes with time. Mathematically, this is expressed as:

[latex]\varepsilon = – \frac{d\Phi}{dt}[/latex]

where:

– [latex]\varepsilon[/latex] is the induced EMF,

– [latex]d\Phi/dt[/latex] represents the rate of change of magnetic flux, [latex]\Phi[/latex], through the area.

Additional Information: 

In SI units, the magnetic field flux [latex]\Phi[/latex] is measured in webers (Wb), and magnetic field strength is measured in teslas (T).  

If the flux through the circuit is increasing, then [latex]d\Phi/dt[/latex] is positive, and the EMF is negative, resulting in a current flowing opposite to the assumed direction. If the flux decreases, [latex]d\Phi/dt[/latex] becomes negative, making the EMF positive, and current flows in the same direction as the arrow assigned to the loop.