An example of ex situ conservation is
(a) Sacred grove
(b) National Park
(c) Seed bank
(d) Wildlife sanctuary
Hint: Ex-situ conservation is the practice of preserving all levels of biological diversity outside their natural environments through various methods. The extent to which humans intervene to manage natural patterns within these controlled populations can differ widely and may include enhancements in habitat conditions and protections against predators and natural threats.
Complete answer:
Ex-situ conservation entails safeguarding species away from their natural environments. This includes botanical gardens, zoos, seed banks, cryopreservation facilities, and field gene banks. Native and domesticated animals are well-cared-for and preserved in botanic gardens, zoological parks, wildlife safari parks, and arboretums. Many of these facilities also have breeding programs designed to rebuild declining animal populations and support species survival. Gene banks are institutions that store viable seeds (seed banks), live plants (orchards), tissue cultures, and frozen genetic materials, maintaining full genetic integrity.
There are two main types of biodiversity conservation: Ex-situ conservation and In-situ conservation. In-situ conservation means conserving living resources by preserving them within their natural ecosystems. Examples of in-situ conservation include national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, nature reserves, biosphere reserves, and sacred groves.
So, the option C is the correct answer.
Note: Ex-situ conservation can take place either within or beyond a species’ typical geographic range. Individuals preserved through ex-situ methods live outside their natural ecological niche, meaning they aren’t exposed to the same environmental pressures as those in the wild. They may undergo selective breeding under controlled conditions. Ex-situ collections also serve to preserve agricultural biodiversity.